Ժառանգականություն

class Animal:                                         # Defining a base class `Animal`
    def __init__(self, name, age):                    # Constructor method with parameters `name` and `age`
        self.name = name                              # Assigning `name` attribute
        self.age = age                                # Assigning `age` attribute

    def eat(self):                                    # Common method `eat`
        return f'{self.name} is eating.'

    def make_sound(self):                             # Common method `make_sound`
        return f'{self.name} makes a sound.'

class Dog(Animal):                                    # Defining `Dog` class that inherits from `Animal`
    def make_sound(self):                             # Overriding the `make_sound` method
        return f'{self.name} barks.'

class Cat(Animal):                                    # Defining `Cat` class that inherits from `Animal`
    def make_sound(self):                             # Overriding the `make_sound` method
        return f'{self.name} meows.'

class Bird(Animal):                                   # Defining `Bird` class that inherits from `Animal`
    def eat(self):                                    # Overriding the `eat` method for `Bird`
        return f'{self.name} is pecking at its food.'

    def make_sound(self):                             # Overriding the `make_sound` method
        return f'{self.name} chirps.'

# The __init__ method is inherited from Animal
# but you can have __init__ for any of the inherited classes as well
dog = Dog('Rex', 5)                                   # Creating an instance of `Dog`
cat = Cat('Whiskers', 3)                              # Creating an instance of `Cat`
bird = Bird('Tweety', 2)                              # Creating an instance of `Bird`

for animal in [dog, cat, bird]:                       # Iterating over instances
    print(animal.eat())                               # Calling the inherited or overridden method `eat`
    print(animal.make_sound())                        # Calling the overridden method `make_sound`
    print('-----')

Rex is eating.
Rex barks.
-----
Whiskers is eating.
Whiskers meows.
-----
Tweety is pecking at its food.
Tweety chirps.
-----