Algorithms and Data Structures

  • Profound Academy

    • Status
      • 1
        Implementation
      • 2
        Bitwise operations
      • 3
        Prefix Sums
      • 4
        Sliding window / Two pointers
      • 5
        Modular Arithmetic
      • 6
        Number Theory
      • 7
        Binary Search
      • 8
        Basic Sorting
      • 9
        Greedy Algorithms
      • 10
        Basic Dynamic Programming
      • 11
        Recursion
      • 12
        Linked LIst
      • 13
        Queue & Stack
      • 14
        Binary tree + BST
      • 15
        Divide & Conquer + Advanced Sorting
      • 16
        Heap
      • 17
        Hashing
      • 18
        Graph Representation
      • 19
        BFS

    • Check if a number is prime - fast

    So far, finding out if a number n is prime or not was done through basically a linear search of divisors. This means that if we increased n, the number of operations to find out if n is prime or not would increase proportionally (with some constant multiplied). So, if considering the worst-case scenarios (all the cases when the number n was a prime number - 51, 107, etc) - our algorithm was doing approximately n/4 operations to check n for primality.
    This means that when increasing n 10 times, the algorithm would perform 10 times more operations. If we increase n 100 times, the algorithm would perform 100 times more operations. This means that our algorithm is performing proportionally to n. Is there a way to do the checking faster? Seems like there is still a lot of redundant checking done.
     
    The approach:
    Imagine the number n has a divisor d.
    This means that n is divisible by d and both d and are whole numbers. Moreover, either d or is less than or equal to . So, when checking for primality we can actually loop up until reaching the instead of . We’re only interested in checking if a number is divisible by any other number than 1 or n itself, so we can check for the smallest of d or . Therefore, as one or the other is smaller than , we can loop until reaching and stop there.
    This is a huge improvement! Doing operations instead of n is a huge difference. Imagine an algorithm that had to work for 10 years (3650 days) to complete a calculation. In case it’s optimized to do operations instead of n, it would only take it 2 months (61 days) to do so.
     
    Are there better algorithms to check the primality of a number?
    Yes! You can read more about them on Algorithms for Competitive Programming. There are algorithms that grow (do more operations as n increases) logarithmically instead of .

    Input

    The first line of the input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ ).

    Output

    The program should print Yes in case n is prime and No otherwise.

    Examples

    Input
    Output
    1
    No
    11
    Yes
    353557
    Yes
    34134741
    No
    902468477
    No
     

    Constraints

    Time limit: 1 seconds

    Memory limit: 512 MB

    Output limit: 1 MB

    To check your solution you need to sign in
    Sign in to continue